Preheat and prep: Heat the oven to 375°F (190°C). Grease a 9x13-inch casserole dish.
Pat the beef dry with paper towels for better browning.
Sauté the veggies: Heat 1 tablespoon oil in a large skillet over medium-high. Add onions, peppers, and mushrooms. Season with a pinch of salt and cook 6–8 minutes until softened with light browning.
Stir in garlic for 30 seconds. Transfer veggies to a bowl.
Brown the beef: Add the remaining oil to the same skillet. Add the beef in batches if needed.
Season with salt, pepper, paprika, onion powder, and garlic powder. Cook 2–3 minutes until just browned but still tender. Avoid overcooking.
Make the creamy base: Reduce heat to medium-low.
Add cream cheese to the skillet and let it soften into the beef juices. Stir in heavy cream, Worcestershire, and Dijon until smooth and slightly thickened, about 2 minutes.
Combine: Return the veggie mix to the skillet and fold everything together. Taste and adjust salt and pepper.
Assemble the casserole: Transfer the mixture to the casserole dish.
Sprinkle shredded provolone or mozzarella over the top. Lay sliced provolone over that for a classic cheesesteak finish.
Bake: Bake 12–15 minutes until the cheese is melted and bubbling around the edges. For a golden top, broil 1–2 minutes at the end, watching closely.
Rest and serve: Let it rest 5 minutes for cleaner slices.
Garnish with chopped parsley if you like. Serve with a simple side salad or roasted broccoli.