Preheat and prep: Heat your oven to 375°F (190°C). Grease a 9x13-inch casserole dish with a little oil or cooking spray.
Sauté the veggies: Warm the oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add onion and bell pepper and cook 4–5 minutes until softened.
Stir in the garlic and cook 30 seconds more.
Brown the beef: Add ground beef to the skillet. Break it up with a spoon and cook until browned, about 6–8 minutes. Drain excess fat if needed.
Season the mixture: Stir in chili powder, cumin, smoked paprika, oregano, salt, pepper, and cayenne (if using).
Cook 1 minute to bloom the spices.
Add the “rice” and tomatoes: Mix in the riced cauliflower, drained tomatoes with green chiles, salsa, broth, and tomato paste. Simmer 3–4 minutes until slightly thickened and the cauliflower is tender-crisp.
Make it creamy: Turn off the heat. Add cream cheese and sour cream, stirring until the mixture is smooth and evenly coated.
Layer it up: Transfer the mixture to the prepared casserole dish.
Spread it out evenly. Top with shredded cheese.
Bake: Place on the middle rack and bake 15–18 minutes, until the cheese is melted and bubbling.
Finish and serve: Let it rest 5 minutes. Garnish with chopped cilantro.
Serve with avocado slices and lime wedges for a bright finish.