Brown the sausage: Heat a large pot over medium. Add sausage and cook, breaking it up with a spoon, until browned and cooked through, 6–8 minutes.
If there’s excess fat, spoon off a little, leaving about 1 tablespoon in the pot.
Sauté aromatics: Add onion. Cook until softened and lightly golden, 3–4 minutes. Stir in garlic, Italian seasoning, and red pepper flakes.
Cook 30 seconds, just until fragrant.
Build the broth: Pour in chicken broth and bring to a gentle simmer. If using zucchini, add it now. Simmer 5–7 minutes to let flavors meld and soften the zucchini.
Add cream and cheese: Reduce heat to low.
Stir in heavy cream and Parmesan until melted and the soup looks creamy. Do not boil after adding dairy.
Stir in spinach: Add spinach and cook 1–2 minutes, just until wilted. Taste and season with salt and pepper.
Finish and serve: Ladle into bowls.
Top with extra Parmesan and a sprinkle of parsley or basil if you like. Serve hot.