Prep and preheat: Heat the oven to 375°F (190°C).
Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Cook the cauliflower: In a large skillet over medium heat, add 1 tablespoon oil. Sauté the cauliflower florets (or riced cauliflower) with a pinch of salt and pepper for 6–8 minutes, until just tender and most moisture cooks off. Transfer to the baking dish.
Brown the beef: In the same skillet, add remaining oil.
Cook the ground beef with the diced onion and bell pepper (if using) over medium-high heat, breaking it up with a spatula, until browned and no longer pink, 6–8 minutes. Drain excess fat if needed.
Add aromatics and spices: Stir in garlic, smoked paprika, onion powder, garlic powder, oregano, chili powder (if using), 1 teaspoon salt, and 1/2 teaspoon black pepper. Cook 1 minute, until fragrant.
Build the burger base: Stir in tomato paste, ketchup, mustard, and pickle relish.
Cook 1–2 minutes to blend flavors. Taste and adjust salt and pepper.
Make the creamy layer: Reduce heat to low. Add cream cheese, sour cream, and heavy cream.
Stir until smooth and fully combined. Mix in 1 cup shredded cheddar until melted.
Assemble: Pour the beef mixture over the cauliflower in the baking dish and spread evenly. Top with remaining 1/2 cup cheddar.
Bake: Bake 15–20 minutes, until the cheese is melted and the casserole is bubbling around the edges.
For a golden top, broil 1–2 minutes at the end, watching closely.
Rest and serve: Let it rest 5–10 minutes to set. Garnish with parsley or green onions if you like. Serve warm.