Preheat and prep: Heat your oven to 375°F (190°C). Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with olive oil.
Blanch the broccoli: Bring a pot of salted water to a boil.
Add broccoli and cook for 2 minutes until bright green and just tender. Drain well and set aside. If using frozen, thaw and pat dry to avoid excess water.
Brown the beef: In a large skillet over medium-high heat, cook the ground beef until browned and crumbly.
Season with salt, pepper, Italian seasoning, and onion powder. Drain excess fat if needed.
Add garlic: Reduce heat to medium. Add minced garlic to the skillet and cook for 30–45 seconds until fragrant.
Remove the beef mixture to a large bowl.
Make the Alfredo sauce: In the same skillet, melt butter over medium heat. Stir in heavy cream and bring to a gentle simmer. Add cream cheese and whisk until smooth.
Stir in Parmesan until melted and the sauce is thick and glossy. Season with salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes if using.
Combine: Add the blanched broccoli to the bowl with the beef. Pour the Alfredo sauce over the top and toss until everything is evenly coated.
Assemble the bake: Transfer the mixture to the prepared baking dish.
Sprinkle mozzarella evenly over the top. Add a little extra Parmesan if you like a more pronounced cheesy crust.
Bake: Place in the oven and bake for 18–22 minutes, until the cheese is melted and bubbling. For a golden top, broil for 1–2 minutes at the end, watching closely.
Rest and serve: Let the bake sit for 5 minutes to set.
Taste and finish with a pinch of salt and pepper if needed. Serve warm.