Preheat and prep: Heat your oven to 375°F (190°C). Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with olive oil or butter.
Par-cook the broccoli: Steam or microwave the broccoli until just tender but still crisp, about 3–4 minutes.
Drain well and pat dry with paper towels to prevent a watery bake.
Sauté the aromatics: In a large skillet over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the minced garlic and cook 30–60 seconds until fragrant. Do not brown.
Make the Alfredo base: Pour in the heavy cream and bring to a gentle simmer.
Add the cream cheese cubes and whisk until smooth and thickened, 2–3 minutes.
Season and add cheeses: Stir in Parmesan, onion powder, Italian seasoning, red pepper flakes (if using), and a good pinch of salt and pepper. Simmer 1–2 minutes until the sauce coats a spoon. Taste and adjust seasoning.
Combine in the dish: Add the cooked chicken and broccoli to the baking dish.
Pour the Alfredo sauce over the top and toss gently to coat everything evenly.
Top with cheese: Sprinkle 1 cup of mozzarella over the mixture. Fold lightly to incorporate, then scatter the remaining 1/2 cup on top for a melty crust.
Bake: Place the dish on the middle rack and bake 18–22 minutes, until bubbly around the edges and lightly golden on top.
Rest and garnish: Let it rest 5 minutes so the sauce sets. Finish with chopped parsley and a crack of black pepper before serving.