Prep the peppers: Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C).
Slice the tops off the bell peppers, remove seeds and membranes, and trim the bottoms slightly if they wobble (don’t puncture). Brush the insides with olive oil and place them upright in a baking dish.
Par-bake the peppers: Bake the empty peppers for 10 minutes to start softening. This helps them cook evenly and keeps the filling from drying out.
Sauté the aromatics: While the peppers bake, heat a large skillet over medium heat with a drizzle of olive oil.
Add onion and cook 3–4 minutes until translucent. Stir in garlic and cook 30 seconds until fragrant.
Brown the beef: Add ground beef to the skillet. Cook, breaking it up, until browned and no longer pink, about 5–7 minutes.
Drain excess fat if needed.
Season and sauce: Stir in smoked paprika, chili powder, salt, and pepper. Add BBQ sauce and tomato paste. Simmer 2 minutes until glossy and well coated.
Add the fillers: Fold in cooked rice, corn, and black beans.
Taste and adjust seasoning or BBQ sauce. The mixture should be moist but not soupy.
Stuff the peppers: Spoon the beef mixture into each pepper, packing gently and mounding slightly. Cover the dish loosely with foil.
Bake: Return to the oven and bake 20 minutes.
Remove foil, top with shredded cheese, and bake uncovered another 8–10 minutes until the cheese melts and the peppers are tender.
Finish and serve: Optional: Broil 1–2 minutes for a lightly caramelized top. Drizzle with a little extra BBQ sauce, sprinkle with cilantro or green onions, and serve with lime wedges.